Everything You Can Plant In January: Zone 1-10 Gardening Guide

For a very long time in my gardening journey, I absolutely had no idea zones existed or that you’re supposed to plant fruits, herbs, and vegetables according to your climate.

I would just plant anything and expect it to grow; I’m definitely not the brightest mind.

However, over the years, I’ve made improvements in my gardening skill and knowledge. Here’s everything you need to know about January planting in all the gardening zones from 1-10:

January Gardening 101: How To Plant For Your Zone

Everything You Can Plant In January: Zone 1-10 Gardening Guide

January is a cooler month in majority parts of the world. This month offers snow and frost, which can sometimes be beneficial for certain plants while being harmful to others.

However, in terms of planting for your zone, you must locate your area in the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map and select plants that are more likely to thrive in your area.

Thankfully for you, I’m here to help with that and make selection a much simpler task.

Navigate your hardiness zone in the list below and take a look at some of the solid planting options you have:

Zone 1-3: Start Indoors Or Prepare For Spring

The USDA hardiness zones 1-3 are the coldest zones. The average annual winter temperature in these zones can fall as low as -50° to 20°C — yeah, it’s very cold.

Some of the plants you can start indoors in January in these zones include:

Onions: The good old onions — we all know and love them. You can never go wrong with adding onions to a savory dish, especially a spicy, peppery one. Plant your onion sets indoors around January time, transplant them outdoors once the temperature starts warming up, and give them 3-4 months to fully mature.
Leeks: Though many of you might be surprised to hear this, leeks are incredibly hardy and cold-tolerant, making them perfect for zones 1-3. Because they take slightly longer to grow, start them early in January and you’ll have mature leeks in about 4-6 months.
Certain Herbs: Herbs require more sunlight to grow and one of the issues you’ll face in zones 1-3 is lack of sun in the month of January. The solution, however, is simple — grow lights. You can start basil, mint, or thyme indoors and transplant outdoors as warmth slowly unfolds.

Zone 4-5: Cold Frames & Early Starters

While cold winters still linger around in zones 4-5, the average temperature here will be slightly on the warmer side.

Cold frames can come in handy in these zones. Try out:

Spinach: This leafy green is known to thrive in cooler temperatures and improve flavor upon undergoing a period of cold and frost. You can sow spinach seeds in late January directly in the garden outdoors.
Lettuce: Like spinach, lettuce has a preference for cooler temperatures for the best growth. It’s quick to grow and can easily be started indoors and transplanted outdoors for further maturation.
Kale: In many of my articles, I’ve praised kale for its hardiness and ability to thrive in harsh low temperatures. As a matter of fact, it develops a sweeter flavor because of the cold!

Zone 6-7: Winter Vegetables & Perennials

As the zones start to move up, the temperature rises. Zones 6-7 offer a slightly more balanced but still cool temperature.

Some of the winter vegetables you can try out here include:

Garlic: Garlic can be fantastic for zone 6-7 winters! In mildly cool temperatures, this aromatic and delicious vegetable thrives; its hardiness is to thank for it. Start garlic indoors in pots around mid-January and once it starts sprouting, transplant it outdoors when the ground heats up a little.
Shallots: Start shallots in January indoors and transplant them outdoors when the warmth has set in properly. The milder zone 6-7 temperatures can accommodate shallot growth very well.
Asparagus: This winter perennial is tasty and the perfect side for fatty, meaty dishes. Sow asparagus seeds late in January and give this one a good long time to grow since it has a much longer growing period.
Horseradish: Horseradish has its own pungent flavor and charm. It’s typically used as a side dish and is either eaten pickled or in salads. This perennial vegetable works incredibly well in zone 6-7 climates and can be started indoors to be transplanted outdoors when the ground heats up later.

Zone 8-9: Cool-Season Crops & Herbs

Zone 8-9 offer very mild winters that are nowhere near as harsh as others. The month of January isn’t “freezing” and plants can be planted directly outdoors.

For this zone, some solid January planting options are:

Broccoli: Broccoli thrives in the temperature conditions of zones 8-9. Sow the seeds outdoors around early to mid-January and enjoy a quick harvest in about 2-3 months.
Cabbage: Zone 8-9 temperatures are optimal for accommodating cabbage growth and development. This leafy green can be planted outdoors directly in late January and should be given the same 2-3 months as broccoli to fully mature.
Parsley: Sow parsley outdoors preferably around mid to late January for the best results. This herb is aromatic, quick to mature, and super easy to harvest.
Cilantro: Typically used as a garnish for savory dishes, cilantro performs best when planted outdoors in zones 8-9 around late January and matures in a matter of 1 to 1.5 months!

Zone 10: Year-Round Planting Paradise

For the best versatility, zone 10 is perhaps the best. Many gardeners call this zone the year-round planting paradise.

Some plants you can experiment with in this zone include:

Tomatoes: The balanced temperature of zone 10 is ideal for planting tomato seeds outdoors in late January or even early February. The only thing you need to beware of is that tomatoes require a lot of care and attention if you want them to grow well.
Peppers: Late January is, again, better for peppers because zone 10 temperatures start to warm up quickly. Once the heat starts setting in, you’re free to sow pepper seeds outdoors directly.
Guava: Though many of you may not be familiar with this tropical fruit, it’s a tasty combination of sour, sweet, and a little bitter. It takes a long time to grow but the seeds can be sown into the ground anytime in January in zone 10.
Watermelon: Not only is watermelon sweet and delicious, but its size is also an attractive plus for planting. Just ensure the weather is adequately warm in zone 10 and you’re good to plant this juicy, tropical fruit anytime in January.